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ATTRACTIVE PARKS OF CANADA 2

Dr sci. SIMO JELAČA

TERRITORY NUNAVUT

Nunavut (in Inuktitut language = our country), the territory, has 26,745 inhabitants; the land area is 2,000,671 km², the main and largest city is Iqaluit on Baffin Island in the Frobisher Bay. Nunavut borders the North Western Territory, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and the Northern Ice Ocean. Nunavut includes most of the Canadian Arctic Islands, including Elsmere, Baffin, Devon, the Prince of Wales, Southampton, and the coast and islands of Hudson Bay.

Newfoundland and Labrador is a typical tourist destination of icebergs, the best hiking trails, the place where you would like to buy, which festivals and events you would like to experience, where you can find your favorite food or restaurants of the world class that you have heard so much about. Newfoundland and Labrador is a place where unique and unforgettable experiences take place, which can often surprise you, but it still does not bother you to have an idea of what you want to do and where you want to do it. This province is a vast and diverse place of about 400,000 square kilometers of land.

As a condition of unification between Newfoundland and Canada, the Aboriginal peoples are not mentioned, it turns out that they do not exist in Newfoundland and Labrador. This meant that the peoples of the first nations in this province were not registered as Indians in an Indian act. Indeed, as it has been shown, federal officials have decided to oust the First People and other Aboriginal in the province (Inuit and their relatives, Labrador Metis Indians) from the conditions of unification. The first settlement in Labrador was by the sea, and the population was Montagnais and Innu. It is believed that the Vikings were the first Europeans to reach Labrador around the 1000th year, although their settlements were not found on the mainland in 1499 and 1500. Portuguese researchers Joao Fernandez Labrador and Pero de Barcelos have reached what is probably Labrador today and who is believed to have originated the name Labrador. On the map of the Magiola of 1511, showing the Eurasian continents, the North Pole, and the Arctic coast of Asia, with Newfoundland Labrador and Greenland, Labrador is shown in Lower Canada, and before that in the province of Quebec. As part of Newfoundland, Labrador was a British colony, and then dominated until 1949. After that he became part of Canada. The population of some cities of Labrador is approximately: Labrador 9,500; Happy Valley - Goose Bay 7,900; Nain 1350; Cartwright 550; Nord Vest 1600; Red Bay 320. Demographically by origin are: Aboriginal peoples 27% and natives 95.8%.

The lowest temperatures range from -10 to -25 °C on the islands, and on the continental part of -30 to -35 °C. Absolute minimum recorded temperature -41 °C on Badger Island was -54 °C in Labrador, in the city of Wabash. The negative effect of cold increases significantly with strong winds. The average wind speed is 20-30 km / h, around the coast, and 50-80 km / h typically during low pressure. Very strong impacts (120-140 km / h). Winter storms in these areas often begin with snow, and then ice pellets and / or ice rain, and finally again, snow.

Nunavut became the third territory of Canada since April 1, 1999. It is the largest territory and makes up one fifth of the Canadian area. Nunavut consists of the land and many islands in the ocean. Baffin and Ellesmere Island (Baffin Island and Ellesmere Island) are two large islands. There are 28 communities in the Nunavut territory, as well as some meteorological stations and military bases. The capital of Nunavut is Iqaluit. The Nunavut has about 33,200 inhabitants. The Inuit are an Aboriginal people who make up 85% of the population of Nunavut. Inuktitut is the language of Inuit. English and French are also in use. On Baffin Island, Inuit still catch fish for survival. Regular foods are very expensive, as they fly in the barges all the way. Most communities have names on Inuit or Inuktun languages; such as: Whale Cove (Tikirarjuaq), Clyde River Kangiqsujuaq, Cape Dorset Kinngait; Arctic Bay Ikpiarjuk. The largest community in Nunavut has a little over 7250 inhabitants.

The first people in Nunavut were the Inuit. They lived in small hunting and fishing camps. Fur shops began in 1700. Since 1870, the territory has belonged to Canada. Since then, the Inuit way of life has changed. They forgot their indigenous traditions. The Canadian government has suggested to Inuit to settle in communities, reservations. Land and water have been frozen for most of the year. Iceberg Ice swims in the form of glaciers and drops into the sea. In winter, it can’t be said where the earth ends and the sea begins. There are mountains and tundra in Nunavut. The moss, the grass and a little wormwood grow on the tundra. Elsmere National Park reserve is the northernmost Canadian park on the island of Elsmere. The island is a polar desert with very little snowfall.

The temperature in Iqaluit in January is -30 °C and 15 °C in July. In Iqaluit there is almost 24 hours of daylight in June, and in December there are 6 hours of daylight. Grise Fjord is the northernmost community in Nunavut, which is 24 hours a day for four winter months. A long cold winter begins in September, and usually the snow lasts until June. Arctic bridges are snowstorms with very cold strong winds. Only July and August are summer months. The temperatures then go up to 12 °C. It is spring from March to June, with 18 hours of daylight. Spring temperatures may vary from -20 °C to -1 °C.

MeadowBank Gold mine near Baker Lake is the only operational mine in Nunavut. Jericho's diamond mine has been operating since 2006. It was temporarily closed, but it is planned to reopen.

People come to Nunavut to fish, to camp and see wildlife. From the factories there is a package of raw fish and meat. They sell Inuit art and craft items (drawings, printed items, carved objects, sculptures, weaving). Some vegetables are grown in glass gardens. Transport: there are several roads in Nunavut. There is also a "highway" linking the Nanisivik Mining Society to Arctic Bay (Arctic Bay) j. Each community has a port and an airport. Iqaluit and Rankin Inlet have a macadam runway and are considered satisfactory in the territory. Goods are transported in barges or cargo airplanes. The Canadian Coast Guard, headquartered in Nunavut, maintains icebergs in the Arctic. Land transport is carried out with motor sleds and off-road vehicles. Snowmobiles are used in the winter, and ships in summer.

Wild animals are known: muskoxen, caribou, polar bears, arctic foxes, whales and foxes. People eat flesh of muskoxen, caribou, whales and foca, although they mostly rely on fish. Traditional clothes consist of fur of muskoxen, polar bears, arctic foxes and foxes.

The separation of Nunavut from the Nord Western Territory began in 1992, with a territorial referendum on which voters approved this move as part of the largest homeowners for the payment of damages in Canadian history.

NATIONAL PARK JASPER

Jasper National Park is the largest national park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, which covers 10,878 km². It is located in the province of Alberta, north of Banff and west of the city of Edmonton. The park includes ice glaciers, hot springs, lakes, waterfalls and mountains. In it live wildlife, including black bear, caribou, moses, der, bighorn sheep, grizzly bear, black bear, coyote, beaver, marmot, gray wolf, mountain lion, and wolverine.

Jasper was named after Jasper Haves, who managed the trade in the North West region. Before that it was called Fitzhugh. The park was founded on September 14, 1907 as the Jasper Forest Park, and it received the national park status in 1930, passing the National Park Act. During 2013, Jasper National Park had 2,022,878 visitors.

This park was declared UNESCO World Heritage in 1984, along with other national and provincial parks that include Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, for mountainous areas containing mountain peaks, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, canyons, limestone caves, and fossils which can be found here. The main rivers from the park-based system include Athabasca and Smoky River.

Other attractions include Marmot Basin, Athabasca Glacier, Athabasca Falls and many other recreational activities (such as hiking, fishing, watching, rafting, kayaking and camping). Size: 2,774,500 hectares, the largest national park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, Jasper is wild in every sense of the word. Its landscape covers a wide region of uneven trails and mountain terrain, opposed to a fragile protected ecosystem, as well as the world-famous Columbia Ice Field. It is also full of game, a habitat for some of the healthiest North American populations of grizzly bears, mussels, and deer, along with thousands of plant and insect species.

World Heritage, partly because of the incredible diversity of the living world here. Jasper is part of the UNESCO National Parks Canadian Rocky Mountains, one of the 15 World Heritage Sites in Canada. It is a habitat for almost 70 species of mammals whose health and survival depends on the park. It is therefore crucial that visitors make the least possible disturbances.

Jasper National Park is also a habitat for at least 82 species of bird singers. Birds can be heard singing in the forests, providing the musical background of the natural beauty of this region. Jasper National Park contains warm springs, which are the hottest in the mountains. Water from these sources has a temperature of 54ºC. The surrounding pools, in which visitors can swim, are comfortably warm at 39ºC. Jasper astounds visitors with its huge desert, full of glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, rivers, mountains and deep canyons. Hiking, boating, swimming, skiing, fishing, can be used in soothing warm springs, Scenic wilderness and extraordinarily many wild animals in such a large and spectacular area, almost 1000 km of hiking trails and 300 km, multipurpose cycling along pleasant paths, and 230 km of ice fields. These are the parks at the heart of this UNESCO heritage. There are about 100 grizzly bears in the park, 70 black bears, 60 wolves, 125 caribou forests of caribou, 550 deer and 180 muses. As a visitor, it is advisable to visit Athabasca Falls, Maligned Canyons, Malign Lakes, Athabasca Glacier, Jasper Ski Tram, Skyline Trek Trail, Pyramid and Patricia Lake.

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