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ATTRACTIVE CITIES OF CANADA 2

SIMO JELAČA, Ph.D.

TIGNISH

Tignish holds a special place in the hearts of Canadians. The warmth of the people with cool expressions, salty air, unforgettable coastal landscape, and undoubted quality of local seafood and potatoes make staying on the island unforgettable. And for lovers of organic nutrition and enthusiasts, a visit is not complete without sightseeing Tignish St. Simon and St. Jude churches, where the life of cultural heritage is felt.

Tignish, P.E.I. is a fishing village located in the western part of Prince Edward Island, with only 780+ inhabitants, about 80 km from the city of Summerside, and 140 km from Charlottes. With a wider urban population of around 4,000 inhabitants in surrounding areas, Tignish is considered as a "village." Tignish was founded in late 1790, of the nine Francophone Acadian families, followed by immigration (mainly Irish) that came in the 19th century and settled mainly in the vicinity, in the smaller town of Anglo-Tignish (meaning "English Tignish"). That is why many of the Tignish residents are Irish or are of Acadian origin.

PEGGY’S COVE

Peggy's Cove, the jewel of Canadian tourism, is a small rural community located on the east coast of St. Margaret Bay in the region of Halifax, Nova Scotia, famous for the Peggy's Point Lighthouse built in 1868. The first recorded name of the bay is the Point Harbor or Peggy’s Harbor from 1766. The village was probably named after St. Margaret Bay (Peggy is the nickname for Margaret), whom Samuel de Champlain called by his mother Margaret.

The village was formally established in 1811, when the province of Nova Scotia issued land for free, more than 320 hectares for six families of German descent. Fishing was the backbone of their economy, but also the cultivation of fruit on fertile soil. The surrounding land was used for grazing cattle. In the early 1900s, the number of inhabitants reached about 300. The community founded a school, a church, a shop, a lobster processing, and ships of all sizes that were stored in the bay.

Tourism began to take on the economic importance of fishing after the Second World War. Today, Peggy’s Cove is primarily a tourist attraction, but its inhabitants still love lobsters, and the community maintains the rustic look of the underdeveloped village. The regional municipality and the provincial government have strict regulations for land use near Peggy’s Cove, with the prohibition of real estate development. Similarly, there are limitations on who can live in a community. The Peggy’s Cove law, adopted in 1962, prohibits any construction and development in Peggy’s Cove and surrounding villages. The area covers about 8.1 km², extending from Indian Harbor to West Dover and includes infertile land, ponds, indoor lakes, and rocky coasts.

More than 400 million years ago, in the Devonian period, tectonic shifts of the land crust led to the emergence of melted material from the interior of the country. This has led to the formation of the walls we see today and which are largely part of Nova Scotia. About 20,000 years ago, the Arctic ice ridge crossed into the southern region, which covers much of North America. In addition to tides and ebb tides, glaciers and ice crest melted and washed away large parts of the vegetation layer. The glaciers, as melted, ran back into the ocean, based on which it increased the level, forming bays. Large walls made up of 415 million years old Devonian granite lifted the ice to more and the water retreated, leaving stones. The movement of glacial glaciers and walls left traces in the substrate that are still visible. New Scotland hosts more than 160 historical lighthouses. Some of these lighthouses are world-famous! Peggy's Point Lighthouse is one of the most famous lighthouses and most photographed in Canada. It was built in 1915. It is famous for its picturesque and typical coastal profile, with houses located on wavy-washed walls, prominent towards the Atlantic. Although this unique ambience is designated for preservation, there is still an active fishing community. Only an hour's drive from Halifax, motorways 333 and 103 are also lighthouses. Peggy’s Cove, known as an idyllic fishing village, is one of the most popular stations in Atlantic Canada. The rocky coast, the lighthouse and the village on Peggy’s Cove are the photographic paradise of the New Scottish coast. Peggy's Cove is really one of the Canadian jewels.

HAPPY VALLEY - GOOSE BAY

Happy Valley-Goose Bay, (in Inuit "Vali") is a Canadian city located in the central part of Labrador. It is the largest population center in the region. It was built on a large sandy plateau in 1941. The city hosts the largest military air base in the northeast of North America. In the summer of 1941, Eric Fry was employed at the Royal Aviation Authority of the Canadian Ministry of Mining and Natural Resources. He chose a large sandy plateau near the mouth of the Gus River to build the Goose Bay Air Force Base. Docks for the transport of goods and staff were built at the Terrington Basin. The Gus Bay Air Base has become the station for landing aircraft and refueling with the Atlantic trans-Atlantic freight transport. Soon after the construction site was selected, the builders of Labrador began to work on the base. During the Second World War, in just five months, an operational military airport was built in that leased area.

The first immigrants were brought to the coastal area of Labrador to work with McNamara Construction Company, which contracted the construction of the Goose Bay Force Base. Their first choice was Otter Creek, where they were told that the place of residence and the base would be too close to each other. The new location was selected based on the request to be at least 8 km from the base. In 1942, the new site was selected and named the Refugee Cove, which lasted until 1955, when it was eventually renamed Happy Valley.

Happy Valley - Goose Bay is located in the southwestern end of Port Melville, near the mouth of the Churchill River. The city is located on the southern shore of the Terrington Basin Peninsula. Happy Valley - Goose Bay has a subpolar climate, that is a humid continental climate, with significant snowfall during the winter, and an average temperature of around -12 °C. Summer average temperatures reach 20 °C. The average temperatures below zero last for five months, and low as much as eight months. Snowfall on average is almost 460 cm per year, and lasts in all months except July and August. Getting to Happy Valley - Gus Bay is easy! More daily planes arrive at Gus Bay from Halifax, New Scotland, St. John, Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec City and Montreal. Flights also come from smaller regional airports, including Blanc Sablon, Deer Lake or St. John's. Anthony. For those who like to drive, there are access roads either through Quebec or the island of Newfoundland. Both ways pass through different parts of Labrador, but most of the roads are not paved, so it should be noted that a longer period of drive will be by a macadam road.

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