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SOLAR CALENDAR

Simo Jelača, Ph.D.

HISTORY

It was known to the ancient Egyptians that the brightest star Sirius appears in the sky and disappears. This has been the case since the beginning and will be until the end of the existence of our planet earth. With the appearance of Sirius, the river Nile flooded, and with its disappearance, the river receded and left fertile mud, which brought fertile harvests to the Egyptians. By counting the days from one appearance of Sirius to another, they determined 365 days and declared that period a year. Thus the year according to the Egyptians lasted 365 days. During the period of 1460, they noticed that they were late for the full year by 365 days, and they called that period the Sotis period. The Egyptians then began to count the days from one to the next appearance of Sirius, and in the first year they counted 365 days. During the second count, they also counted 365 days, as well as the third year. And during the fourth year, they counted 366 days. Thus, they concluded that the time period between the two shines of Sirius, a year, lasts 365¼ days.

It was not until 238 BC, that the Egyptians dared to reform their previous calendar, by adopting every fourth year as a criminal year, lasting 366 days. That criminal day was proclaimed the saint of the Benevolent Gods. The adoption of the calendar with the leap year of March 7, 238 BC, was called in science the "Edict of Canop '' after the place of Canopy near Alexandria, where the given calendar was accepted. According to the foregoing, the Egyptians began to count the years 17 centuries before the birth of Christ.

There are historical records that the Mesopotamians began keeping their calendar as early as 3200 BC. BC, which means 15 centuries before the Egyptians. For the Chinese, legend has it that their ruler Huangdi invented the calendar in 2637 BC. and that it was based on astronomical measurements of the solar orbit and the moon. According to that calendar, an ordinary Chinese year lasts 12 months, and a leap year 13 months. The Greeks officially began counting the years from 776 BC. (from the first Olympic Games), and the Romans from 753 BC. (since the founding of Rome).

Darko Šćekić, in his book "Sorabi - the truth about Serbianness from the beginning" states that Serbs officially started counting the years from 5508 BC, which means before all other nations. This can be considered true, based on very exhaustive data of Dr. Olga Luković-Pjanović in her books "The oldest Serbian people". According to that Serbian calendar, Tsar Dusan proclaimed his Code on the Feast of the Ascension on May 21, 6857, Tsar Lazar was killed in the Battle of Kosovo in 6893.

In the year 46 BC. Egyptian Queen Cleopatra "Aphrodite Nile'', "Revived Venus'', "New Beautiful Helen" visited Julius Caesar in Rome and as everyone called her because of her exceptional beauty. Cleopatra was accompanied by scientists, including Sosigen, who, at the request of Julius Caesar, made a calendar modeled on the Egyptian, with a duration of 365 days a year, which is divided into 12 months. It is also determined that the New Year begins on the first of January, instead of March 25 (according to the then valid calendar from the creation of Rome).

SOLAR CALENDAR

Precise astronomical measurements show that the length of the light year lasts 365.2422 days, ie it is shorter than the year according to the Julian calendar by 11 minutes and 14 seconds (or 674 seconds) and the Julian year escapes by a full day for every 128.18991 years (or 128 years, 69 days). , 7 hours, 36 minutes and 42 seconds). Pope Gregory XIII hired the Jesuit mathematician Christopher Clavius to recommend a new calendar that is more in line with astronomical facts. This new calendar came into force on Thursday, October 4, 1582, and the next day, Friday, was October 15. Thus, 10 days were practically lost (those days do not exist). This calendar is called the Gregorian calendar and is accepted all over the world. At the time of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, the difference from the Julian calendar was already 13 days. And as the calendar delay for the actual solar year is one day for every 128.18991 years, this is also compensated with centuries of leap years. According to the Gregorian calendar, every year whose number is divisible by 4, without remainder, is criminal, as well as century years whose first two digits are divisible by 4 without remainder (for example 1600, 2000, 2400, 2800, etc. and are called Secular years), while century years whose first two digits are not divisible by 4 without remainder are not criminal (for example 1700, 1800, 2100, 2200, etc.). Due to the 13-day time difference in calculating "moving holidays", including Easter, according to the decision of the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, Easter falls on the first Sunday after the vernal equinox and after the full moon. , without coinciding with the Jewish Passover. Therefore, the earliest possible date of Easter is March 22, and the latest is May 15. In 1923, the All-Orthodox Congress was held in Constantinople, at which the project of the Astronomical Calendar was adopted according to our professor Dr. Milutin Milanković (1879-1958)

The author's calculation gives the exact values of the calendar delay for the solar year of exactly one year (365.2422 days) for 46820 years, 133 days 5 hours and 24 minutes). Moving Christmas, according to the presented budget, would lead to nonsense, which could theoretically lead to Christmas and Easter being celebrated on the same day? It follows from the foregoing that it is pointless to remain on the Julian calendar, which only leads to further differences, and that it is indeed time to accept the calendar according to Milanković, when the Serbian Orthodox Church authorized it. Regarding the calendar and the patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Mr. Pavle said: "To demand that it remain so (difference of 13 days), regardless of what is divine and unchangeable, ie dogmatic, and what is human and changeable (calendar), would be really short-sighted ''. It is obvious that the Julian calendar is too far behind the solar one and its indicators need to be moved forward.

Windsor July 2003

Ancient Egyptian Scientists

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