detail from: KRK Art dizajn

REVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON EARTH

Dr. SIMO JELAČA

It is not my intention to write about a topic that has already been written a lot and about which world experts have presented their proposals. My intention is to remind you of the works of our distinguished and world-renowned great Professor Dr. Milutin Milanković, who in his work "The canon of insolation of the Earth and its application to the problem of ice ages" showed the future of survival, independent of industrial pollution of the atmosphere.

Milutin Milanković proved that the Earth moves and oscillates in space in several ways, which causes various cyclical changes on the Earth. The first astronomical cause of climate change is the cyclical change in the ellipticity of the Earth's path around the Sun, in periods of about 100,000 years. When the orbit is more elongated, the differences in summer and winter temperatures are greater. Then, the tilt of the earth's axis of rotation perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic changes from 22.1 to 24.5 degrees over 41,000 years. In these years, that inclination is about 23.5 degrees and the angle decreases (it is approximately in the middle of the extreme values) and the thermal difference between summer and winter decreases. Therefore, when it reaches the final value of 21.1 degrees and goes in the opposite direction, the Earth's climate will be restored again. Only, that time can be expected to happen in approximately the next 30,000 years. And from the human generation, it is difficult to predict whether anyone will see it. Aren't we, as the human race, next to disappear after the dinosaurs?

And the last of the three movements of the Earth, significant for the Earth's climate, is the procession of the Earth's axis, which describes a full circle in the firmament during 22,000 years. The celestial pole is now close to the North Star in the constellation Ursa Minor and the position of the stars in the sky (as seen from Earth) appears to be shifting. In about 11,000 years, the earth's axis of rotation will come to the opposite side of the current one, so that the celestial pole will be closer to the star Vega in the constellation Lyra. Then the annual heat on Earth will be the opposite of what it is now, it's just too long a period that's hard to think about. Today we live between two ice ages, one started about 10,000 years ago and it will last for the next 10,000 years.

It is an indisputable fact that the world has reached a crisis, from which it is difficult to get out. An industry was created that produced, and continues to produce, too much carbon dioxide, which pollutes the atmosphere, and this leads to climate change on Earth, which increases temperatures, melts ice, raises sea levels, and causes fires and floods. This endangers the lives of people, animals, and even plant life on Earth. The near future will be more and more sad for us, and more difficult every year. The world's scientists are "craving their heels" to stop unsuspected changes, and politicians and powerful billionaires seem to have turned a deaf ear and are only looking at their greenbacks and are building hideouts where they think that only they will survive as the breeding species of the future.

Milanković's "Theory of Ice Ages" has been accepted and scientifically confirmed in the world. Milanković was the first in the world to calculate the insolation of the Earth and all the planets of the solar system in 600,000 years, very accurately. Milanković's "Insolation Theory" was celebrated in 1995 as one of the greatest world achievements of human creativity of the twentieth century. NASA has officially included Milanković among the 15 most important scientists of all time who are engaged in science on planet Earth. His work is considered the greatest achievement of human creativity. Therefore, I recommend all readers of this work to read the works of Milutin Milanković, if they haven't already, and to point out to their children the importance of Serbian scientists Milutin Milanković, Nikola Tesla, Mileva Marić-Einštajn, Mihajlo Pupin, Cvijić, Mika Alas, Pančić and others. Toponyms (craters) on the Moon and Mars bear Milanković's name.

If Kepler's and Newton's Laws of Motion of Celestial Bodies are the First Law of the Universe, then Milutin Milanković's Law of Insolation is undoubtedly its second law. If indeed, as Tsiolkovski says, the value of the planet is determined by solar energy, then the value of Milanković's work is given by the light he received from his predecessors, as well as the success with which he passed it on. If those lights illuminated our life's path even for a short time, MIlanković has reached the goal of his journey.

Just as Milankovic calculated the earth's past for 600,000 years, he also calculated the earth's future and found that during the next 26,100 years summers will be hotter and hotter. He jokingly says that his fig tree in Dalj will ripen in another thousand years and bear sweeter fruits, but he regrets that he will not wait to enjoy them.

Milanković, based on his climate calculations, says that after the next 28,000 years, and during the next 50,000 years, no sudden changes in the Earth's climate are expected. Milanković also predicts that after 6,000 years (new era) all mineral fuels on Earth will disappear and that all the energy needed by human society will be provided exclusively by the Sun. Namely, the Sun is now already in its downward path of its existence. It will be many millions of years, perhaps even billions, when it will completely cool and the Earth will completely freeze, continuing its path in space in complete darkness, without any life on it. Milanković asked himself, "What will the Earth be like then compared to Mars, which is much older than the Earth?"             

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