detail from: KRK Art dizajn

GIANTS OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION 15

Dr. SIMO JELAČA

JAMES LOVELOCK (1919-), English chemist

James Lovelock first described the Earth and its atmosphere as an organism, emphasizing the importance of climate control and ecosystem response. He studied medicine and received his doctorate in London and Manchester, and in 1960 he built a detector to measure the presence of trace gasses, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere, which damage the ozone layer and are considered very harmful. In 1960, Lovelock was awarded the first Amsterdam Prize for the Preservation of the Human Environment, awarded by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

ROSALIND FRANKLIN (1920-1958), English scientist

Rosalind Franklin studied at Cambridge, where she is a radiologist, under John Randall and Maurice Wilkins. She defined the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in 1952, which greatly helped to explain chromosomes, the key to understanding life. James Dewey Watson (b. 1928) and Francis Harry Compton Crick (b. 1916) secretly removes information from Maurice Wikins (b. 1916) and failed to give due credit to Rosalind Franklin in a paper that was a key document before the Nobel Committee. the awarding of the award. Rosalind died at the age of 38, so the Nobel Prize could not be awarded posthumously. Watson, Crick and Wilkins received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1962.

ANDREI SAKHAROV (1921-1989), Russian physicist

Andrei Sakharov worked at the Soviet Academy of Sciences on the theoretical control of the thermonuclear fusion reaction. In working on this problem, he was committed to reducing nuclear arms around the world and increasing cooperation between nuclear powers. In 1970, he clashed with the Soviet Committee for Human Rights, emphasizing human liberties in the USSR. Because of this, the Soviet authorities persecuted him, especially after he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975.

DOBRICA ĆOSIĆ (1921-2014), Serbian writer

Dobrica Ćosić was born in Velika Drenova, near Trstenik, Serbia. He is a regular member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU). His first significant work is Daleko je Sunce, published in 1951. He is the winner of two NIN awards for literary works, novels, Koreni and Deobe. He was the president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1993-1995, but he was removed from that position by Slobodan Milošević, in retaliation for the published works Real and Possible; Changes in Kosovo and friends, who showed Milosevic as he really is.

Dobrica Ćosić is basically a novelist, and he also wrote political essays. He participated in the Second World War, and he studied the First World War and related the two wars to each other. In his works, Ćosić describes real events and finds related motives behind them. He showed the power of Serbian society, from the stages of primitivism to the modern era, with views on social and political topics.

CHRISTIAN BARNARD (1922-), South African surgeon

Christian Bernard became a household name around the world in 1967, after the first human heart transplant operation. He performed the operation on patient Lois Vashkanski, who lived with someone else's heart for 18 days. Bernard's second patient lived for two years, and these are now routine operations in many countries.

JACK KILBY (1923-), American engineer

Jack Kilby and Alfred Noyce, working in Silicon Valley, California, were the first to make an integrated circuit, such as a microchip or silicon chip, in 1975. Thus, they realized the idea of ​​mass production of personal computers.

THEODORE MAIMAN (1927-), American physicist

Theodore Mayman is the constructor of the first laser (Laser). He was born in Los Angeles and received his doctorate from Stanford University in 1955. He used a light beam instead of a microwave oven for his laser. All microwaves of laser light are of the same length.

JAMES DEWEY WATSON (1928-), American chemist

Together with Francis Crick, Watson proposed a model of the DNA molecule as a double helix in 1953, and for this discovery Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and James Watson shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1962 (Note: see Rosalind Franklin forward).

NEIL ARMSTRONG (1930-2012), American astronaut

Neil Armstrong was the first man to set foot on the moon on July 20, 1969. This feat was successfully accomplished by the Apollo-11 spacecraft, while Armstrong had previously circled the Earth in the Gemini-8 spacecraft. He landed on the moon along with astronaut Buzz Aldrin, making it the greatest success of the US space program.

STANLEY MILLER (1930-), American biochemist

Together with his colleague Harold Urey, Stanley Miller artificially created the first amino acid, thereby simulating the possibility of life on Earth. In a mixture of methane, ammonia and hydrogen gasses with water, he performed an electric discharge. After a week, he determined the origin of the amino acid, as one of the components of protein, otherwise an integral part of all living things on earth.

BOGDAN MAGLIC (1928-2017), American nuclear physicist

Bogdan Maglić is a Serb, born in Sombor, works in America and has never renounced his Yugoslav citizenship. He was engaged in research into controlled fusion, which is explained as the tamed energy of a hydrogen bomb without an explosion. The hydrogen bomb is triggered by the reaction of the atomic bomb, thus achieving a reaction temperature of about 100 million degrees Celsius, which triggers the explosion of the hydrogen bomb. A hydrogen bomb is about a thousand times more destructive than an atomic bomb. Controlled fusion reaction is the process of launching a hydrogen bomb without an atomic explosion and is intended exclusively for peacetime purposes, for the production of electricity. It is, in short, the invention of our scientist Dr. Bogdan Maglić.

The fuel for the hydrogen reaction, controlled fusion, is heavy water, which is obtained from the sea. In 1956, Bogdan Maglić went to America, as a UNESCO scholarship holder, to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Since 1961, he has been working at the University of California, where he discovered the Omega Meson particle. He has patented the nuclear power Aneuron (a fusion process without radioactivity), as well as the latest Supersensor, which identifies the chemical composition of matter, which is expected to be widely used in the fight against terrorism. Bogdan Maglić is the recipient of the Gold Medal of the United States Congress, and he is also a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) in Belgrade.

ROGER PENROSE (1931-), English astrophysicist

Roger Penrose, together with Stephen Hawking at the University of Oxford, developed a theorem that describes the "black hole" in the universe. According to this theorem, when the stars in space collapse, they are all gravitationally attracted to the so-called. A black hole, and a black hole is represented by the most compact matter of extinguished celestial bodies, with a density of approx. 50 t/mm≥ (in this case the matter is compressed to the extent that there are no interatomic spaces,

that is, the spaces between the nucleus of atoms and their electrons are reduced to zero). This led to the idea of ​​hidden events and a new model of the universe.

YURI GAGARIN (1934-1968), Russian cosmonaut

Yuri Gagarin was the first man to travel in the spaceship Vastok 1, on April 12, 1961, on which occasion he flew around the earth once. He later died in a plane crash.

ALEXEY LEONOV (1934- ), Russian cosmonaut

Leonov is the first man in space to leave the cosmic expanse and hover around it. It was March 18, 1965. Alexey Leonov and Pavel Belyaev flew together on the Vastok 2 ship, and after two trips around the earth, Leonov left the ship for the first spacewalk, which was named after him Leonova. Leonov flew into space for the second time in Soyuz 19, ten years later, on a joint Soviet-American mission on July 17, 1975. The two ships joined in space and Alexei Leonov shook hands with Tom Stafford.

SVETOZAR PREKOGAČIĆ (1934-1995), Serbian inventor

Svetozar Prekogačić was born in the Srem village of Beocin in 1935. He was educated in Novi Sad, where he spent his whole life. He was born a genius for technical improvements. It was enough for him to face a problem of a technical nature, and to immediately see what and how he should do to achieve the desired goal. So, in an effort to water the garden from the village well, he devised a rotary pump with only four rollers and a plastic pipe and successfully realized his idea. The pump was built primitively, but it did the job. After some time, Svetozar found himself at sea with a random tourist from Germany, to whom he recklessly explained his discovery. It won't take much time, we read that a pump for an artificial human heart was made on the same principle. Applications of similar pumps for simultaneous pumping of toxic liquids, with substances for the food industry, etc. followed.

Similarly, Svetozar, whom everyone called "Flowers", invented a decompression tube for grain storage silos. With the help of a decompression tube, the emptying of the cells was directed, and air was also blown through it for active ventilation. With this solution, the silos became cheaper to build by 40%, and by using active ventilation, the grain no longer had to be elevated, which reduced exploitation costs. In addition, the grain quality was uniform and improved. Soon silos of the "Cveće" type began to be built, first in Inđija, then in Sombor, Nova Gradiška, etc. Of Cvećet's inventions, it is worth mentioning, among others, his folding trailer. He made a number of improvements, both in industry and in the household. Svetozar Prekogačić is on the list of the most numerous inventors of Yugoslavia. Unfortunately, he did not benefit materially from his inventions, because the Yugoslav laws of the time did not sufficiently protect inventors.

DRAGAN ŠKORIC (1937- )

 Dragan Škorić was born in Vedašić, near Korenica, Lika, in 1937. He graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture, Majoring in Genetics, in Novi Sad. He is a full professor, emeritus title, of the Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad and a full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU), the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of Srpska, as well as the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia. His work on the research of oil crops, especially sunflower, as well as the creation of a large number of hybrids that are recognized and produced in Serbia and the world, are highly recognized in the world.

He gave expert lectures in over 20 countries, by invitation, published over 400 scientific papers and five monographs. He participated in more than 50 international symposia and congresses with his announcements. He stayed in several countries, where he grew new hybrid varieties of sunflowers. He worked in China alone for about 20 years, during the sunflower growing seasons, in Iran for two years and in several other countries. Dragan's monograph on sunflower was published in Chinese. In China, he won the highest scientific awards, which are given to foreign experts and researchers. Dragan's monograph on new sunflower hybrids was published in Chinese, Serbian and English.

 He is a member of several international organizations, in which he is engaged in various projects for the improvement of oil crops. These are, first of all; European Cooperative Research, within the FAO of the United Nations (1970-1978) and Project in the United States of America (1972-1991). He is a member of several international professional associations.

 During his work, Dragan Škorić created over 150 sunflower hybrids. It has developed programs to create joint hybrids with 37 institutions from 14 countries. In 2006, over two million hectares of newly created hybrid sunflower varieties were sown with his varieties, i.e. over 10% of the total world production of sunflowers. Dragan Škorić is the Editor-in-Chief of the international magazine HELIA and is a member of the Association of Archives for Agricultural Sciences and Genetics. He is the winner of many national and international awards and recognitions;

May Day Award SFRY (1980)

Kivado Munkaert (1981), Recognition of the Ministry of Agriculture of Hungary

ISA Pustavort Award (1988), an award of the International Sunflower Association

Order of Merit for the People with Silver Wreath (1988)

October Award of Novi Sad (1995)

Friendship Award of the Government of N.R. China (2006)

To be continued...

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